PERATURAN HUKUM NEGARA DAN KEBIJAKAN NASIONAL YANG MENGATUR SISTEM SERTIFIKASI DAN TATA KELOLA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT BERKELANJUTAN, TERMASUK PERAN PEMERINTAH DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEBERLANJUTAN LINGKUNGAN DAN SOSIAL
Keywords:
ISPO, sustainable palm oil certification, plantation governance, corporate social responsibility, national palm oil policy, environmental sustainability, Indonesian plantation lawAbstract
This study analyses Indonesian national laws and policies governing the certification system and sustainable palm oil plantation management, focusing on two main topics: the ISPO-based legal system through Law No. 39/2014 on Plantations and Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 38/2020, as well as the role of the government as a regulator-supervisor and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in accordance with Law No. 40/2007. Using a normative legal literature review method, the study found that the national legal framework has succeeded in integrating the principles of economic, social and environmental sustainability, but its implementation is hampered by overlapping regulations, weak inter-agency coordination, and a formalistic approach to CSR. Synergy between the government, companies and the community is needed to bridge the gap between legal norms and field practices in order to realise an inclusive and environmentally friendly palm oil industry in line with the SDGs.
References
Abidin, J. Z. (2023). Tata kelola industri kelapa sawit berkelanjutan dalam mendukung biodiesel. Journal of ASEAN Studies and Sustainability, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.61511/jassu.v1i1.2023.136
Astari, A. J. (2025). Sustainable pathways in Indonesia’s palm oil industry: A historical institutionalism perspective. Sustainable Futures. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2024.100308
Astuti, R. (2022). Making illegality visible: The governance dilemmas created by Indonesia’s One Map Policy. Land Use Policy, 112, 105833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105833
Brandão, F. (2019). Indonesian oil palm concession policy and social sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.189
Colchester, M. (2024). Corporate contentious politics: Palm oil companies and land conflicts in Indonesia. Journal of Rural Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103482
Eliyah, E., & Aslan, A. (2025). STAKE’S EVALUATION MODEL: METODE PENELITIAN. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia, 3(2), Article 2.
Gatto, M. (2021). Oil palm boom and land-use change in Indonesia: Governance challenges. Environmental Science & Policy, 116, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.11.005
Hidayat, N. K. (2021). Implementasi Kebijakan Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) dan Konflik Agraria. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, Universitas Indonesia. https://fisip.ui.ac.id/implementasi-kebijakan-indonesia-sustainable-palm-oil-ispo-dan-konflik-agraria/[web:21]
Hutabarat, S. (2021). Smallholder oil palm farmers’ adoption of sustainable practices in Indonesia. Land Use Policy, 104, 105340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105340
Jelsma, I. (2020). Certifying sustainability: The case of Indonesian palm oil. Global Environmental Change, 65, 102161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102161
Leonaldi, I. (2021). CSR implementation in Indonesian palm oil plantations: Community perceptions. Journal of Business Ethics, 172(3), 587–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04492-5
Liana, L. (2023). Kendala Penerapan Sertifikasi Keberlanjutan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat di Indonesia. Dinamika Pertanian, 39(2), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.25299/dp.2023.vol39(2).16426
Novrini, S. (2025). Government Policies and Their Impact on Palm Oil Agribusiness. International Journal of Organizational and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.60083/ijoss.v4i2.869
Nugroho, A. (2025). Implementasi Program Kemitraan Plasma Kelapa Sawit: Evaluasi Kebijakan Daerah. Jurnal Pemerintahan, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. https://ejournal.upnvj.ac.id/pp/article/view/11992[web:33]
Pasaribu, A. P. (2025). Strengthening Indonesia’s sustainable palm oil policy. Journal of Social Science, Education and Welfare. https://doi.org/10.61511/jassew.v3i1.2025.2278
Pasimura, I. (2022). Impact of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Certification on Environmental Behavior. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science. https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v26n2.2022.p45-56
Pirard, R. (2020). The governance of the palm oil sector in Indonesia: Actors, interests and strategies. Environmental Policy and Governance, 30(6), 405–417. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1907
Pratiwi, R., & Santoso, A. (2022). Implementasi Kebijakan dan Program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) pada Perusahaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Berkelanjutan, IPB University. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/jpsl/article/download/33409/21121[web:23]
Rist, L. (2021). Evaluating the evidence base for the social impact of sustainable palm oil certification. Agricultural Systems, 191, 102728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.102728
Santika, T. (2020). Palm oil companies and land conflicts in Indonesia: Governance dilemmas. Land Use Policy, 99, 104988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104988
Santika, T. (2021). Social and environmental impacts of palm oil expansion in Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 67, 102246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102246
Santoso, B. (2022). Kajian Sosiologi terhadap Implementasi Program Perkebunan Inti Rakyat Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Sosiologi Agraria, Universitas Nasional. https://journal.unas.ac.id/populis/article/view/4013/1823[web:37]
Sari, D. P. (2023). Konflik Sosial Masyarakat dengan Perusahaan Sawit: Studi Kasus Kecamatan Sentra Perkebunan. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Universitas Tanjungpura. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jiapora/article/download/41498/75676586447[web:22]
Suharto, R. (2021). Land conflicts and oil palm expansion in Indonesia: The role of customary rights. World Development, 138, 105208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105208
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review. British Journal of Management, 209–222.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 2014 tentang Perkebunan. (2014). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/38807/uu-no-39-tahun-2014[web:1]
Vijay, V. (2021). The distributional footprint of oil palm expansion in Indonesia. Nature Sustainability, 4(10), 1001–1009. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00776-8
Widodo, S. (2023). Model Kemitraan Inti-Plasma pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit: Dampak Sosial Ekonomi. Jurnal Agribisnis Dan Ekonomi Pertanian, Universitas Palangka Raya. https://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/aev/article/download/1706/1562[web:30]
Yohana, L. (2023). Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat melalui Program Plasma Perkebunan Sawit [Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri]. http://eprints.ipdn.ac.id/23957/1/Repository_Lulu%20Yohana.pdf[web:36]
